Poultry Litter Biochar as a Gentle Soil Amendment in Multi-Contaminated Soil: Quality Evaluation on Nutrient Preservation and Contaminant Immobilization

Poultry litter biochar (PLB) has great potential for carbon (C) sequestration, which been confirmed in the previous study. The promising of PLB nutrient preservation and contaminant immobilization, however, not well studied. A multi-contaminated soil, mainly contaminated by chrome (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn) was selected this short-term incubation purpose study to evaluate effects after on release available nutrients (phosphorus, P; potassium, K; calcium, Ca; magnesium, Mg) solubility Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn. results 56-day indicated that high-temperature pyrolysis (>400 °C) raise soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), concentrations P, K, Mg; maintenance lower Cr Cu a decline Ni Zn were also observed. increased with dissolved organic (DOC) increased, suggesting co-mobilization occurred. decreased adsorption and/or soil. We recommend use 5% high temperature (500 600 as gentle amendment achieve C provide nutrients, maintain low Cr/Cu, reduce Ni/Zn availability.